Ключові слова
парадигма
антропологічна парадигма
клінічна парадигма
зміна парадигми
детермінізм
соціальний детермінізм
Як цитувати
Анотація
Передумови. Протягом ХІХ-ХХІ століть, у сфері юридичної психології відбувалося формування та зміна наукових парадигм. Серед них можна виокремити клінічну, антропологічну, біхевіористську, когнітивістську, екзистенційно-гуманістичну та соціально-контекстуальну. Відтак, як юридична психологія вивчає закономірності поведінки людини в системі «індивід – право», виникає необхідність подальшої диференціації вказаних парадигм за критерієм обґрунтування чинників, які впливають на поведінку людини.
Мета. Визначити основні чинники, які впливають на поведінку людини в контексті взаємовідносин «людина – право», відповідно до теоретичних засад шести основних історичних наукових парадигм юридичної психології.
Методи. Системний метод був застосований для визначення сталих причинно-наслідкових зв’язків, які складають теоретико-методологічний базис різних парадигм в юридичній психології. Компаративний та гносеологічний методи виступили для диференціації шести основних історичних юридико-психологічних парадигм за критерієм притаманного їм типу детермінізму.
Результати. Генеза юридико-психологічного знання бере свій початок в клінічно-медичній сфері, після чого диференціюється на клінічну та антропологічну парадигми. Після 1950х років, вплив психологізму сприяє поступовій трансформації клініцизму та антропологізму в парадигми біхевіоризму та когнітивізму, а після 1980х років – соціального-контекстуалізму та екзистенційного гуманізму. Використовуючи теоретичний доробок представників конкретних напрямків, визначено в яких історичних парадигмах юридичної психології соціальний детермінізм був основною теоретичною складовою.
Висновки. Охарактеризовані особливості кожної із шести історичних парадигм в юридичній психології, що включає в себе їхню генезу, теоретичні засади та місце в епістемологічній еволюції психології права. Диференційовано соціально-детермінантні юридико-психологічні парадигми, до яких належать антропологічна, біхевіористська та соціально-контекстуальна, від індивідуально-детермінантних, які представлені клінічною, когнітивістською та екзистенційно-гуманістичною. Визначені особливості соціального детермінізму, якому притаманні екстернальність та зовнішня зумовленість пояснення причинно-наслідкових зв’язків, та індивідуального детермінізму, що апелює до рис, котрі притаманні «природі людини».
Ключові слова: юридична психологія, парадигма, антропологічна парадигма, клінічна парадигма, зміна парадигми, детермінізм, соціальний детермінізм.
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