Abstract
Backougrnd. The end of the 19th century marks the beginning of the formation of legal psychology as a separate scientific field, in particular, due to the development of clinical and experimental directions in psychology. The implementation of knowledge from these areas gradually contributed to the formation of two legal-psychological paradigms: clinical and anthropological.
Objective. To determine the theoretical foundations of the formation of anthropological and clinical paradigms in legal psychology, in particular their inherent ideas, theories and concepts.
Methods. The structural-functional method was used with the objective of determining the main theoretical foundations of the formation of anthropological and clinical paradigms in legal psychology. The historical-comparative method helped to differentiate conditions that are relevant to the process of legal-psychological paradigm formation. The systematic method made it possible to apply the principles of a paradigmatic approach to the development of science by T. S. Kuhn to the evolution of legal and psychological knowledge.
Results. The article indicates the interpretation of the object and subject of legal psychology research and differentiates the understanding of its theoretical foundations by representatives of anthropology and clinicism. It also specifies the influence of behaviorism and cognitivism on the development of the first legal and psychological paradigms. The article examines the influence of such theorists as C. Lomboroso, W. Wundt, G. Gulotta and R. Weimer on the formation of the theoretical foundations of legal psychology and also on the emergence of the first scientific paradigms.
Conclusions. The basic principles of Lomboroso’s clinical and criminological teaching contributed to the emergence of the first paradigm in the legal psychology – clinical psychology. Meanwhile, the teachings and ideas of Wilhelm Wundt, who oriented representatives of clinicism to move in a socio-psychological direction will contribute to the change of clinical orientation to anthropological one in the future and to the formation of the existential humanism and social contextualism in legal psychology.
Key words: legal psychology, paradigm, anthropological paradigm, clinical paradigm.
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