Keywords
paradigm
paradigmatic approach
existential-humanistic paradigm
anthropological paradigm
subject
legal behavior
How to Cite
Abstract
Background. A paradigmatic approach to the periodization of the history of legal psychology allows us to identify six stages in its development. The existential-humanistic school is one of the most recent and emerged as a natural reaction not merely to the social and cultural determinism of legal behavior, but specifically to the fundamental principles of the development of modern scientific thought. The need for a comprehensive understanding of the causes underlying an individual’s socio-legal behavior necessitates the study of the existential-humanistic trend in legal psychology as a paradigm that defines the individual motivation of the subject of law.
Objective. To identify the theoretical preconditions that led to the emergence of the existential-humanistic paradigm in legal psychology.
Methods. Using the systemic method, the main premises of existentialism as a branch of philosophical and psychological knowledge were summarized. The structural-functional method made it possible to identify the main structural elements related to the objective premises for the formation of this approach in the teachings of Karl Jaspers. The historical-comparative method was used to compare various concepts to clarify the synthetic nature of the formation of the existential-humanistic paradigm in legal psychology.
Results. The theoretical and social prerequisites for the emergence of existentialism and humanism as philosophical and psychological schools of thought were identified. In particular, the depersonalization of the individual was examined in the context of the formation of a mass society organized according to mechanistic principles. The technologization of social processes led to the transformation of the human being into a function of the social «apparatus», which in turn led to a social crisis in the first half of the 20th century. The individual nature of socio-legal behavior, as revealed in the works of the leading representatives of existentialist philosophy and humanistic psychology, has been identified.
Conclusions. The development of science and technology in the modern era, with its idea of universal rationality, inevitably led to the mechanization of society. The masses and the «apparatus» that serves their interests depersonalize the individual, depriving them of the meaning of existence. As a result, the preconditions are created for a social crisis, which manifests itself in a reluctance to make decisions in the context of socio-legal behavior, leading to the individual’s desire to avoid responsibility (including legal responsibility) and a decline in the level of trust both among individual members of society and toward socio-legal institutions. This contributes to the formation of an existential-humanistic paradigm in legal psychology, which determines legal behavior through individual factors.
Keywords: legal psychology, paradigm, paradigmatic approach, existential-humanistic paradigm, anthropological paradigm, subject, legal behavior.
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