Abstract
Background. In the context of the theory of the development of science, according to T. S. Kuhn, the field of knowledge must pass the pre-scientific stage of formation before the constitution of scientific paradigms and positioning as a separate science. The process of constituting a scientific paradigm involves the accumulation of ideas, theories, and concepts that form a set of attitudes with an axiomatic character. Accordingly, to determine the conditions for the formation of individual directions in legal psychology, it is necessary to systematize the conceptual directions of epistemological development that preceded the formation of paradigms in the psychology of law.
Objective. To determine the main theoretical prerequisites for the formation of anthropological and clinical paradigms in legal psychology.
Methods. The systemic method was used to determine the main epistemological starting positions of scientific knowledge and to analyze its subsequent implementation in legal and psychological contexts. The structural-functional and comparative method helped to identify the main characteristic features of the formation of clinical and anthropological paradigms in legal psychology.
Results. The updated direction of legal psychology is distinguished from the autonomous-volitional interpretations of French encyclopedists of the 18th century. and utopian treatises of continental European socialists of the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century, the process of formation of clinicism and anthropology in legal psychology takes place, which is determined by the philosophical and branchial influences of social and cultural anthropology, medicine, leading trends in the philosophy of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as criminology.
Conclusions. The main positions of social and cultural anthropology and their characteristic features, which determined the principles of the formation of the anthropological paradigm in psychology. The interdisciplinary nature of the development of the clinical paradigm in legal psychology is determined, and the main theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the clinical paradigm with the anthropological paradigm of legal psychology are compared.
Keywords: legal psychology, paradigm, clinical paradigm, anthropological paradigm, determinism.
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