K. ROGERS’ THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY
PDF 7-16 (Русский)

Keywords

client-centered therapy
procedurality in psychotherapy
types of processes
level of mental organization
psychotherapy strategies
psychotherapy methods
focusing
emotionally-focused therapy
characterological styles
mechanisms of therapy

How to Cite

Kocharyan, A., & Barinova, N. (2021). K. ROGERS’ THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY. PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 7(5), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.5.1

Abstract

The article considers the key issues of client-centered psychotherapy, related to understanding the process, the role of characterological stylistic features of clients in their promotion during psychotherapy. It is shown that clients, depending on the type of process (optimal, fragile, dissociative and psychotic) need different therapeutic strategies of methods. The table of correspondence of type of process of therapeutic strategy and method is resulted. Two main concepts of the genesis of disorders are considered: the theory of conflict and the theory of defect.
Conflict requires awareness in order for the client to enter the "layered" structure of the traumatic experience, gain access to those experiences, early memories, bodily manifestations and cognitive interpretations that make up the traumatic emotional scheme. In this process, the therapist uses a management strategy that is "half a step ahead" that does not destroy the client-centered paradigm itself. Technically, focusing is used as an empathic sensitivity to what is not actually experienced by the client, but what they can already experience with some effort.

In the theory of the defect, the disorder is associated with certain problems in the psychological structure of the client - in the defense system, in the system of "I", in which the reflexive "I" is weakened and, accordingly, bifocal consciousness is disturbed, in the system of emotional self-regulation. Such defects should be alleviated by the support, warmth and love of the therapist for the client. The therapist acts as a "rod" that wraps around the client, getting the opportunity to live like a vine on someone else's trunk. The therapeutic management strategy is to take the "baby" on, hoping for the healing mechanism of the "recapitulation of emotional experience."

The "fragile" process is associated with the neurotic level of mental organization, and in psychotherapy is based on the theory of conflict. The "dissociative" process is associated with the marginal level of mental organization, and in psychotherapy is based on the theory of defect. The defect is eliminated by acceptance and love. The "optimal" process involves the availability of internal resources of self-change, such a client is easy to "call" reflexive technique. The psychotherapist, being "half a step behind" the client, implements the strategy of accompanying the client.

 

https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.5.1
PDF 7-16 (Русский)

References

Martin Buber – Karl Rodzhers: Dialog [Martin Buber - Karl Rogers: Dialogue] (1994). Moskovskiy psikhoterapevticheskiy zhurnal, 4. Moscow. [in Russian]

Rogers, C. A. (1986). Client-centered/ Person- centered Approach to Therapy.Kutash I., Wolf A. (Eds.) Psychotherapist’s casebook. Jossey-Bass, 197-208.

Sanford, R. (1995). From Rogers to Gleik and back again. Beyond Carl Rogers. Toward a Psychotherapy of the 21st Century. Ed. By David Brazier. London: Constable, 253-273.

Kholl, K. S., Lindsey, G. (2000). Teoriilichnosti. Moscow: Psikhoterapiya. [in Russian]

Rogers, C.R. (1961). On becoming a Person. A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Rogers, C.R. (1942). Counselling and Psychotherapy. Cambridge: Massachusetts, Printed in USA.

Mak-Vil'yams, N., Lindzhardi, V. (2019). Rukovodstvo po psikhodinamicheskoy diagnostike [Guide to Psychodynamic Diagnosis] [Transl. Perfilieva, O., Saburova, N., Snigur, V.]. Moscow: Nezavisimaya firma "Klass". [in Russian]

Myasishchev, V. N. (1960). Lichnost' i nevrozy [Personality and neuroses]. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo universiteta im. A.A. Zhdanova. [in Russian]

Kreysman, Dzh., Straus, KH. (2018). Ya nenavizhu tebya, tol'ko ne brosay menya. Pogranichnyye lichnosti i kak ikh ponyat' [I hate you, just don't leave me. Borderline personalities and how to understand them]. Spb.:Piter. [in Russian]

Мясищев В.Н. (1960). Личность и неврозы. Ленинград: Издательство Ленинградского университета им. А.А. Жданова.

Prokhazka, Dzh., Norkross, Dzh. (2007). Sistemypsikhoterapii [Systems of psychotherapy]. Moscow: Praym-Yevroznak, Kharvest. [in Russian]

Klassifikatsiya psikhicheskikh i povedencheskikh rasstroystv: klinicheskiye opisaniya i ukazaniya po diagnostike. (1999). Kyiv.: Fakt. [in Russian]

Karyagina, T. D. (2012). Otkuda v psikhoterapii empatiya: K. Rodzhers, yego psikhoanaliticheskiye predshestvenniki i posledovateli [Where does empathy come from in psychotherapy: K. Rogers, his psychoanalytic predecessors and followers]. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya. Tom. 20, № 1. S. 8 –33. [in Russian]

Goldman Rh, Watson J. (2016). Emotion-Focused Therapy. Person-Centered and Experiential Therapies. Contemporary Approaches and Issues In Practice. P. Wilkins (Ed.) London: SagePublications

Warner M.S. (2013). Person-centred Therapy at the Difficult Edge: a Developmentally Based Model of Fragile and Dissociated Process. Person-centred therapy today. New Frontiers in Theory and Practice. D. Mearns and B. Thorn (Eds.). Los-Angeles, London: Sage Publications

Steven J. Haggbloom & other (2002) . The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century, Review of General Psychology, vol. 6, no 2,‎ p. 139-152 (ISSN 1089-2680)

Kaluzeviciute, G. (2020) The role of empathy in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A historical exploration. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. Published online: 15 Apr 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1748792

Renger, S. (2021): Therapists’ views on the use of questions in personcentred therapy, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2021.1900536

Moyers, TB & Miller, WR (2013) Is Low Therapist Empathy Toxic? PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS. Volume 27, 3, pp 878-884, DOI : 10.1037/a0030274

Van Kalmthout, Martin A. (1995) The Religious Dimension of Rogers's Work. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 35, 4, (1995), pp. 23-39. ISSN. 0022-​1678. DOI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221678950354003

Mather, R. (2008). Hegel Dostoyevsky and Carl Rogers: between humanism and spirit. History of the Human Sciences. 2008;21(1):33-48. doi:10.1177/0952695107086151

Renger, S., & Macaskill, A. (2021). Developing the Foundations for a Learning-Based Humanistic Therapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211007668

Oberreiter, D. (2021). Carl rogers and schizophrenia. the evolution of carl rogers’ thinking on psychosis and schizophrenia: A literature survey. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 20(2), 152-173. doi:10.1080/14779757.2021.1898456

Joseph, S. (2020). Why we need a more humanistic positive organizational scholarship: Carl rogers' person-centered approach as a challenge to neoliberalism. Humanistic Psychologist, 48(3), 271-283. doi:10.1037/hum0000151

Maurer, M. M., & Daukantaitė, D. (2020). Revisiting the organismic valuing process theory of personal growth: A theoretical review of rogers and its connection to positive psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 11 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01706

Swaney, M. (2020). Four relational experiences in music therapy with adults with severe and profound intellectual disability. Music Therapy Perspectives, 38(1), 69-79. doi:10.1093/mtp/miz015

Copyright Notice

Articles in the Psychological Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License International CC-BY that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. For more detailed information, please, fallow the link - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/